2026-06-10
Book: CIA Reading Room cia-rdp88-01314r000100660028-3: INTERNATIONAL NICKEL by CIA Reading Room (1968)
Read it: Internet Archive
Tucked into the masthead of a glossy 1968 corporate magazine — one obscure enough that the CIA archived a copy — is a single sentence that reads, today, like a prophecy hiding in plain sight:
"The International Nickel Company, Inc. is the U.S. affiliate of The International Nickel Company of Canada, Limited—producer of Inco Nickel, Copper, Cobalt, Iron Ore, Tellurium, Selenium, Sulphur, and Platinum, Palladium and other Precious Metals."
This was INTERNATIONAL NICKEL MAGAZINE 1968/4, a house organ published by Inco — then one of the largest mining conglomerates on Earth — featuring articles like Bruce Hutchison's "TRUDEAU!" and Robert L. Caleo's "RUN THE BLOCKADE." The cover, the editors proudly explain, was an "assemblago" by graphic designer Abe Gurvin: a collage of materials "representative of and indigenous to the situations represented."
The forgotten knowledge isn't in the articles. It's in that boilerplate list of metals.
In 1968, tellurium and selenium were industrial afterthoughts — recovered from the anode slimes left over when Inco refined copper and nickel at its Sudbury, Ontario operations. Selenium got used in xerography drums (the photocopier was its big customer) and red glass. Tellurium went into steel as a free-machining additive and into vulcanized rubber. Both were so minor that mining companies couldn't be bothered to produce them on purpose — you only got them by mining nickel and copper for something else.
Fast-forward sixty years. Cadmium telluride solar panels are now the second-most-deployed photovoltaic technology on the planet. First Solar, a single American company, consumes a sizable fraction of global tellurium supply. Selenium is the "Se" in CIGS solar cells (copper indium gallium selenide) and is essential to many semiconductors. Both metals are now considered strategic materials — the U.S. Department of Energy lists tellurium on its critical-minerals watchlist precisely because supply is so thin and so dependent on copper-refining byproduct streams.
Inco, listing these metals casually alongside iron ore, had no idea it was sitting on the feedstock for a clean-energy revolution. The company eventually merged into Vale in 2006. Meanwhile, the question of where tellurium comes from has become a geopolitical concern serious enough to drive Department of Defense stockpiling studies.
There's a deeper lesson here. The CIA was watching International Nickel because of cobalt and nickel — Cold War alloy metals for jet engines and armor. Nobody in 1968 was tracking tellurium. The strategic metal of 2026 was, in 1968, literal sludge skimmed off the bottom of a copper refining tank.
If you want to know what the critical material of 2086 will be, the answer is probably already listed somewhere — buried in a boilerplate paragraph, beneath the magazine's cover story.
